The Management’s Discussion and Analysis (“MD&A”) of The University of Alabama’s (the “University”) annual financial report presents a discussion and analysis of the financial performance of the University during the fiscal years ended September 30, 2017 and 2016. This discussion has been prepared by management along with the financial statements and related note disclosures and should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes. The financial statements, notes and this discussion are the responsibility of management.

History, Mission and Governance

The University, the State of Alabama’s (the “State”) oldest institution of higher education, is the senior comprehensive doctoral-level institution in Alabama and began instructing students in 1831. Established by constitutional provision, with subsequent statutory mandates and authorizations, the University advances the intellectual and social condition of all the people of the State through quality programs of instruction, research and service. The University is a fully accredited institution of higher learning offering bachelor’s, master’s and doctoral degrees in nearly 200 fields of study. Professional programs include law and rural medicine. The University, a beautiful 1,200 acre residential campus located in Tuscaloosa, Alabama, provides a high-quality education, scholarship opportunities, close to 600 student organizations, leading-edge research initiatives, and a focus on facilities and technology.

The University is accredited by and is a member of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. All degree programs in professional schools and colleges subject to recognized accrediting agencies are fully accredited by the appropriate national organization. The University is a member of the Association of Public and Land- Grant Universities.

The University is governed by The Board of Trustees of The University of Alabama (the “Board”), a body corporate under Alabama Law. The Board also governs The University of Alabama at Birmingham and The University of

Alabama in Huntsville, which, along with the University, make up The University of Alabama System (the “System”). The Board determines policy and approves operating budgets, educational programs, facilities and capital financings for each campus, and sets the separate tuition and fee schedules applicable at each campus. Oversight responsibilities of the Alabama Commission on Higher Education (“ACHE”) and annual requests for appropriations from the Alabama legislature are coordinated for each campus by the Chancellor of the System with the approval of the Board.

Overview of Financial Statements

The University’s financial report includes three basic financial statements: the Statement of Net Position; the Statement of Revenues, Expenses, and Changes in Net Position; and the Statement of Cash Flows. The University’s financial statements encompass the University and its blended component unit, The Crimson Tide Foundation (“CTF”). The aggregate financial statements of six affiliated foundations are presented discretely from the University:

    • National Alumni Association

    • Law School Foundation

    • Donor Advised Fund

    • Capstone Foundation

    • 1831 Foundation

    • Capstone Health Services Foundation

The MD&A focuses solely on the University and the Crimson Tide Foundation. Information on discretely presented component units can be found in the component units’ annual financial reports, as well as Note 2 – Component Units. The notes to the financial statements provide additional information that is essential to a full understanding of the financial statements. A summary of new accounting standards and their anticipated effects concludes the notes with brief summations of recently issued statements of the Governmental Accounting Standards Board (“GASB”).

Statements of Net Position

The statements of net position present the financial position of the University at the end of the fiscal year. These statements reflect the various assets, deferred outflows, liabilities, deferred inflows, and net position of the University as of the fiscal years ended September 30, 2017 and 2016.

From the data presented, readers of the statements of net position have the information to determine the assets available to continue the operations of the University. They may also determine how much the University owes vendors, bondholders, and lending institutions. In addition, the statements of net position outline the net position (assets and deferred outflows minus liabilities and deferred inflows) available to the University.

Net position is divided into three major categories. The first category, net investment in capital assets, provides the University’s equity in property, plant and equipment owned by the University. The second category is restricted net position, which is divided into two categories, non-expendable and expendable. The corpus of non-expendable restricted resources, as it pertains to endowments, is only available for investment purposes. The earnings on these funds support the programs and activities as determined by the donors, typically to fund scholarships and fellowships. Expendable restricted resources are available for expenditure by the University but must be spent for purposes as determined by donors and/or external entities that have placed time or purpose restrictions on the use of the assets. The last category, unrestricted net position, presents the net position available to the University for any lawful purpose of the University and is typically internally designated or committed for specific academic programs or initiatives.


Condensed Statements of Net Position
9/30/2017
9/30/2016
9/30/2015
Assets

Current assets

$584,449,063
$549,059,715
$564,683,889

Capital assets, net

1,983,596,717
1,904,412,183
1,811,315,270

Other noncurrent assets

1,704,578,655
1,435,131,090
1,349,823,350

Total assets

4,272,624,435
3,888,602,988
3,725,822,509
Deferred outflows of resources
158,389,969
126,240,424
66,504,154
Liabilities

Current liabilities

594,343,066
579,674,791
539,494,343

Noncurrent liabilities

1,685,516,066
1,521,284,078
1,448,060,583

Total liabilities

2,279,859,132
2,100,958,869
1,987,554,926
Deferred Inflows of Resources
16,054,000
3,103,000
35,395,000
Net Position

Net investment in capital assets

1,076,735,303
1,002,586,271
927,823,421

Restricted

817,913,402
718,571,000
710,606,406

Unrestricted

240,452,567
189,624,272
130,946,910

Total net position

$2,135,101,272
$1,910,781,543
$1,769,376,737

At September 30, 2017, the University’s assets and deferred outflows of resources were $4.4 billion, liabilities and deferred inflows of resources were $2.3 billion, leaving a net position of $2.1 billion, an overall increase in net position of $224.3 million from 2016. The overall increase in net position results in part from tuition growth, an increase in auxiliary units’ profitability, and unrealized investment gains generated by favorable market performance.

 

The University’s Assets

Current assets are used to support the University’s normal operations and include cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments available for operating purposes, net accounts receivable (primarily student accounts receivable, receivables from sponsoring agencies and accrued interest receivable), prepaid expenses, and unearned scholarships.

The University considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Current cash and cash equivalents totaled $58.9 million at September 30, 2017, an increase of $357,000 from the prior year. At September 30, 2016, cash and cash equivalents totaled $58.5 million, a decrease of $12.0 million from the prior year. Current cash balances fluctuate based on operating needs, timing of expenditures, and cash management strategies.

Short-term investments include both unrestricted and restricted balances. Unrestricted short-term investments were $222.4 million, $173.7 million, and $212.6 million at September 30, 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively. These investments are available for operating purposes. Restricted short-term investments were $84.6 million, $120.9 million, and $77.1 million at September 30, 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively. Restricted short-term investments are comprised of deposits held and invested by the University relating to the Gulf State Park Project. During fiscal year 2017, the University of Alabama entered into an agreement with the State of Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (“DCNR”) to provide financial services for the Gulf State Park Project (previously the agreement had been between the DCNR and the University of Alabama System Office). The University deposits and disburses the funds authorized by the DCNR. The University did not receive additional funds for the Gulf State Park Project in fiscal year 2017; however, total short-term investments increased $12.4 million from the prior year. This follows an increase of $4.8 million during fiscal year 2016 related to funds received for the Gulf State Park Project.

Accounts receivable increased approximately $14.2 million in fiscal year 2017 due to a $16.6 million increase in the CTF accounts receivable balance. The majority of this increase relates to a receivable between the University and its blended component unit, CTF, at June 30, 2017. Due to the timing of the payment after CTF’s June 30 year end, it was a receivable for CTF at June 30, 2017, but not a payable for UA at September 30, 2017. In fiscal year 2016 accounts receivable decreased $12.8 million primarily due to student account activity.

Prepaid expenses and unearned scholarships experienced growth of $9.9 million in 2017, resulting from an increase in unearned scholarships. Unearned scholarship expense results from the Fall academic term spanning across the fiscal year-end. The University prorates scholarship expense to recognize only the amounts incurred in each fiscal year. Fall 2017 classes started a week later than in the prior year, thus more scholarships were deferred to fiscal year 2018. This, coupled with the growth in enrollment, contributed to an increase in current unearned scholarships at September 30, 2017. In the prior year, prepaid expenses and unearned scholarships increased $6.9 million, also due in large part to unearned scholarships.

Noncurrent assets are predominantly composed of endowment and life income investments, investments for capital activities, other long-term investments, notes receivable (net), and capital assets (net).

The University’s investment portfolio is principally invested in three separate investment pools sponsored by the System. The University’s investment approach is intended to maximize current investment returns consistent with annual liquidity needs while protecting principal. The University adopts the broad objective of investing assets to preserve their real value, enhance the purchasing power of income, and keep pace with inflation and evolving University needs. Total noncurrent investments increased $260.2 million at September 30, 2017. During fiscal year 2017, the University issued new bonds which contributed to a $160.5 million increase in investments for capital activities. Additionally, the University experienced a rise in unrealized gains due to favorable market performance. This follows an increase of $58.8 million in noncurrent investments at September 30, 2016, also due to unrealized gains as well as an increase in investments.

Noncurrent notes receivable increased $9.1 million due to the issuance of an additional student organization housing loan, which follows an increase of $25.4 million in fiscal year 2016, also related to the issuance of student organization housing loans.

Capital assets include land and land improvements, infrastructure, buildings and improvements, equipment, construction in progress, library materials, collections and intangible assets. The construction of new buildings on campus contributed to a rise in capital assets of $79.2 million in fiscal year 2017 and $93.1 million during 2016. During fiscal year 2015, the University had the opportunity to purchase property within close proximity to the main campus from the Alabama Department of Mental Health (“ADMH”), which allows the University to devote more of its core campus to academic and student life activities. The total purchase, commonly referred to as the Partlow Property, encompasses approximately 362 acres and is composed of both land and associated buildings. As part of the purchase agreement, the University leases back some of the buildings to the ADMH who continues to operate the mental health facilities. The leaseback period is 99 years. Capital spending remains a priority to provide the necessary facilities needed to accommodate both present and future enrollment growth. Recent land acquisitions allow for unique opportunities to expand and further beautify our historic campus. As outlined in the University’s Master Plan, the University seeks to “unify the campus as a complete learning environment, interwoven into a gracious and hospitable setting that both nurtures the soul and inspires the mind.”

Major capital expenditures in 2017 include Student Organizations (refer to note 5) ($22.7 million), Freshman Residential Housing ($11.2 million), Little Hall renovation ($8.3 million), Central Campus Thermal Energy Connection ($7.0 million), University Boulevard improvements ($6.3 million), and the Adapted Athletics facility ($6.0 million).

Major capital expenditures in 2016 include Student Organizations (refer to note 5)($39.5 million), North Lawn Hall ($21.7 million), Peter Bryce Boulevard and North Campus Way ($16.8 million), Sewell Thomas Baseball Stadium renovation ($12.3 million), Moody Music Building addition and renovation ($9.7 million), Printing and Mail Services renovation and relocation ($9.5 million), and Bryant Drive retail center ($7.7 million).

A deferred outflow of resources is a use of net position that is applicable to future reporting periods. The University’s deferred outflows of resources consist of both bond deferred refunding amounts and pension obligations. Pension obligations include:

  • Employer contributions to the Teachers’ Retirement System of Alabama cost-sharing multiple-employer public employee retirement plan (the “Plan”) subsequent to the Plan’s measurement date

  • Changes in proportion of the allocated pension liability and differences between employer contributions and the employer’s proportionate share of the total contributions

  • Changes of actuarial assumptions, including discount rate

  • Net difference between projected and actual earnings on pension plan investments

At September 30, 2017, the University’s total deferred outflows of resources increased $32.2 million, resulting from changes in the proportion of the allocated pension liability as well as changes in the discount rate and actuarial assumptions used by the Teachers’ Retirement System of Alabama. Additionally, the University defeased certain indebtedness during fiscal year 2017. At September 30, 2016, the University’s deferred outflows of resources increased $59.7 million, largely resulting from changes in proportion of the allocated pension liability.

The University’s Liabilities

Current liabilities consist primarily of accounts payable, accrued liabilities, unearned revenue, and deposits. The majority of accounts payable and accrued liabilities represent amounts owed for salaries, wages and benefits, and supplies and services. Accounts payable and accrued liabilities increased $14.4 million in 2017 from the prior year. This follows a decrease of $9.0 million in 2016. Unearned revenue consists primarily of tuition and housing revenues for the portion of the fall semester that occurs after September 30, and football ticket revenue for the portion of the season which occurs after September 30. Fall 2017 classes started a week later than in the prior year, thus more revenue was deferred to fiscal year 2018. This, coupled with the growth in enrollment, contributed to an increase in current unearned revenue of $36.2 million in fiscal year 2017. This follows an increase of $6.1 million in fiscal year 2016. Deposits consist primarily of agency funds, food service deposits, debit card operation deposits and Capstone Village entrance fees. Deposits decreased $43.4 million at September 30, 2017 due to expenditures for the Gulf State Park Project. At September 30, 2016 deposits increased $42.2 million which includes funds received for the Gulf State Park Project.

The University’s long-term debt and pension liability comprise the majority of its noncurrent liabilities. Long-term debt (current and noncurrent combined) increased $122.6 million in fiscal year 2017 due to the new 2017A, 2017B and 2017C bond issuances, offset by payments and defeasances. This follows a decrease of $25.3 million in 2016 due to debt repayments. In 2017, the University’s proportionate share of the net pension liability in the Teachers’ Retirement System Plan increased by $50.6 million to $623.4 million, following a $100.7 million increase from 2015.

A deferred inflow of resources is the acquisition of net position in future periods. The University’s deferred inflows of resources are composed of the proportionate share of the net difference between expected and actual experience. At September 30, 2017, deferred inflows of resources increased $13.0 million to $16.1 million. This follows a decrease of $32.3 million in fiscal year 2016.

The University’s Net Position

Net position represents the residual interest in the University’s assets and deferred outflows of resources after all liabilities and deferred inflows of resources are deducted. The University’s net position increased $224.3 million, or 11.7%, during fiscal 2017, totaling $2.1 billion. In fiscal year 2016, net position increased $141.4 million, or 8.0%, totaling $1.9 billion.

Net investment in capital assets increased $74.1 million from $1.0 billion in 2016. The previous year increase of $74.8 million rose from $927.8 million reported in 2015. Net investment in capital assets consists of capital assets, net of accumulated depreciation, reduced by the outstanding balances of debt attributable to the acquisition, construction or improvement of those assets.

Restricted nonexpendable net position increased approximately $31.8 million primarily due to gifts and earnings on true endowment corpus funds. This net position type encompasses true endowments and life income/annuities that are required to be held in perpetuity. In the prior year, restricted nonexpendable net position experienced growth of $17.6 million.

Restricted expendable net position increased $67.6 million in 2017 largely due to higher mineral rights and timber land valuations, true endowment gains, and an increase in restricted quasi endowments. This follows a decrease of $9.6 million in 2016 primarily as a result of lower appraisal values of the University’s endowed timber land and the adoption of GASB 72 (see note 1 and note 4). This net position category includes restricted gifts, institutional loan funds, sponsored programs, restricted quasi endowments, term endowments, endowment income and unrealized appreciation, and restricted plant funds. Restricted expendable net position is restricted by externally-imposed constraints.

Unrestricted net position increased $50.8 million in fiscal year 2017 due to unrealized gains, unrestricted quasi endowments, and an increase in CTF unrestricted net position. In the prior year, unrestricted net position increased $58.7 million due to auxiliary revenue, unrealized gains, and unrestricted quasi endowments.

University Endowments

The University carefully navigates the investment environment and works diligently to manage its financial resources effectively. Endowment spending has remained stable. With a continual commitment to excellence, we expect funding given by the University’s generous donors will continue to grow, leveraging those gifts for the benefit of our students for many years to come.

In 2017, the University’s endowments grew $102.1 million to reach $785.4 million. The growth results from additions to the endowment of $23.7 million and unrealized gains. This follows an increase of $10.9 million in 2016 resulting from additions to the endowment of $18.9 million, offset by an overall net unrealized loss for endowments due to lower appraisal values of the University’s timber land and minerals.

Statements of Revenues, Expenses and Changes in Net Position

The statements of revenues, expenses and changes in net position (“SRECNP”) present the revenues received by the University, both operating and nonoperating, and the expenses paid by the University, both operating and nonoperating, and any other revenues and expenses received or expended by the University. Primary components of the University’s operating revenue sources are tuition and fees and auxiliary sales and services, which are generated from self-supporting departments including Intercollegiate Athletics, residence halls, food service operations, and the UA Supply Store. Additionally, the University seeks funding from the federal and state governments and sponsored programs in support of its mission of teaching, research, and service. Other significant revenue sources, which are considered nonoperating as defined by the GASB, include State educational appropriations, private gifts, investment income, and Federal Pell grants.

Operating expenses are those incurred in conjunction with the fulfillment of the University’s mission and include salaries, wages and benefits; supplies and services; depreciation; and scholarships and fellowships. The SRECNP also includes other changes affecting its net position including capital gifts and grants, additions to permanent endowments, and intragovernmental transfers between the University and CTF, its blended component unit, and other state agencies.

Revenues and expenses are recognized when earned or incurred, regardless of when cash is received or paid. A summary of the University’s revenues, expenses and changes in net position follows:

Condensed Statements of Revenues, Expenses and Changes in Net Position
9/30/2017
9/30/2016
9/30/2015
Operating revenues

Tuition and fees, net

$482,761,041
$476,732,091
$452,717,202

Auxiliary sales and services, net

202,333,172
193,964,754
172,792,048

All other operating revenues

148,555,442
147,834,966
145,123,724

Total operating revenues

833,649,655
818,531,811
770,632,974
Operating expenses
1,016,919,818
948,912,956
887,977,454

Operating loss

(183,270,163)
(130,381,145)
(117,344,480)
Nonoperating revenues (expenses)

State educational appropriations

154,836,324
148,441,872
146,222,914

Gifts

56,126,778
52,203,061
53,728,959

Investment income (loss), net

159,687,169
54,741,992
(41,755,145)

All other nonoperating expenses

(7,773,392)
(16,638,624)
(10,675,091)

Net nonoperating revenues

362,876,879
238,748,301
147,521,637

Income before other changes in net position

179,606,716
108,367,156
30,177,157
Other changes in net position
44,713,013
33,037,650
45,271,507

Increase in net position

224,319,729
141,404,806
75,448,664

Net position, beginning of year, as previously reported

1,910,781,543
1,769,376,737
2,149,740,073

Adoption of GASB 68 adjustment (Note 1)

-
-
(455,812,000)

Net position, beginning of year, as restated

1,910,781,543
1,769,376,737
1,693,928,073

Net position, end of year

$2,135,101,272
$1,910,781,543
$1,769,376,737

The University’s net position increased $224.3 million, $141.4 million, and $75.4 million, for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively. Improved market performance resulted in investment gains in fiscal years 2017 and 2016, which significantly increased the University’s net position both years as compared to fiscal year 2015 when the market performed poorly. As noted in the SRECNP, the University experienced operating losses in all fiscal years presented of $183.3, $130.4 million, and $117.3 million, respectively. These operating losses highlight the University’s dependency on nonoperating revenues, such as State educational appropriations and private gifts, to meet its cost of operations.

Operating Revenues

Net tuition and fees reflect the steady increases in tuition related to continued enrollment growth coupled with modest tuition rate increases. Net tuition and fees in 2017 was $482.8 million, a $6.0 million increase over 2016’s $476.7 million, which increased $24.0 million over $452.7 million in 2015. Tuition rates are reviewed annually by the University and presented to the Board for approval.

The University receives grant and contract revenue from federal, state, and local governments and private agencies. These funds are used to further the mission of the University – to advance the intellectual and social condition of the people of the state, the nation and the world through the creation, translation and dissemination of knowledge with an emphasis on quality programs in the areas of teaching, research and service. The following chart reflects the funding sources for federal operating grant and contract revenues for the years ended September 30:


Federal Contracts and Grants Revenue
9/30/2017
9/30/2016
9/30/2015
Department of Health & Human Services
$10,200,232
$9,464,247
$10,556,682
National Science Foundation
7,859,398
7,770,332
7,472,615
U.S. Department of Education
4,553,825
4,899,962
4,304,829
U.S. Department of Energy
2,437,981
2,876,795
3,417,111
U.S. Department of Transportation
5,020,545
5,911,511
6,770,138
Office of Defense
3,010,674
3,326,892
2,766,911
Other Federal Sources
7,333,995
7,657,237
8,290,484
Total Federal Contracts and Grants Revenue
$40,416,650
$41,906,976
$43,578,770

Federal grants and contracts decreased by $1.5 million and $1.7 million in 2017 and 2016, respectively, which reflects a decrease in federal funding for instruction and research. State and local grants and contracts decreased slightly by $71,000 in 2017 following a $2.9 million increase in 2016 collectively. Private grants and contracts decreased $1.3 million in 2017, following a $73,000 increase in the prior year.

The University’s auxiliary activities are comprised of Intercollegiate Athletics, food service, housing, the UA Supply Store, telecommunications, and other miscellaneous auxiliary enterprises. Auxiliary income increased $8.4 million, primarily from athletic income and licensing income. The 2017 increase follows a $21.2 million increase in the prior year, also due to the aforementioned auxiliary units, as well as increases in housing income and Supply Store income.

Other operating revenue for the University totaled $28.7 million, while CTF revenue of $30.6 million contributed to the combined total of $59.3 million as reported in 2017, an increase of $3.5 million from the prior year, largely due to an increase in CTF revenues. In 2016, other operating revenue increased slightly by $29,000.

Non-Operating Revenues and Expenses

Due to the required classification of key revenue sources such as State appropriations, financial aid grants, and private gifts as non-operating revenues, the University’s operating expenses will typically exceed operating revenues, resulting in an operating loss. These non-operating revenues are essential in offsetting the operating loss.

In fiscal year 2017, the University received $154.8 million in State educational appropriations for operating purposes, an increase of $6.4 million. In 2016, the University received $148.4 million, which was an increase of $2.2 million from 2015.

Gift revenue for the University totaled $56.1 million at September 30, 2017, of which $31.3 million was recorded by the Crimson Tide Foundation. This was an increase of $3.9 million from the prior year due to an increase in CTF gifts. Gift revenues decreased $1.5 million in 2016 to $52.2 million due to a decline in CTF gifts.

Nonoperating grants consist primarily of Federal Pell grant awards. This program provides financial assistance grants to qualifying undergraduate students to promote access to postsecondary education. Also included in nonoperating grants are Build America Bond and Recovery Zone Economic Development Bond interest reimbursements. In 2017, nonoperating grant revenue increased slightly to $31.6 million, following a small decrease to $31.1 million in 2016.

Both investment and endowment income are combined as investment income on the SRECNP. The University posted net investment income of $159.7 million at September 30, 2017, an increase of $105.0 million as the University posted substantial unrealized gains following a positive market performance, coupled with an increase in the mineral rights and timber land valuations. In fiscal year 2016, the University posted net investment income of $54.7 million, an increase of $96.5 million from fiscal year 2015, also due to unrealized gains.

Operating Expenses

The University reports natural classifications of expenditures in the SRECNP. Salaries, wages and benefits increased $53.8 million to $666.3 million in 2017 from $612.5 million in 2016, which was a $37.0 million increase over $575.5 million in 2015. The University is committed to recruiting and retaining outstanding faculty, staff and graduate students. New positions are strategically added to accommodate student enrollment growth. Compensation packages and benefit offerings provide leverage for the University to successfully compete with peer institutions and employers outside of the academic sector. Additionally, in fiscal year 2017, the University’s GASB 68 adjustment to pension expense increased $31.8 million resulting from changes in the discount rate and actuarial assumptions used by the Teachers’ Retirement System of Alabama.

Supplies and services experienced an increase of $5.0 million during fiscal year 2017. Factors contributing to the increase include a rise in advertising, program development and marketing expenditures, as well as an increase in the Capstone Village future services obligation. This follows an increase of $20.9 million from 2015 due to a rise in athletic post-season participation expenditures and renewal and replacement projects performed during the year.

Scholarships and fellowships expense is reported net of scholarship allowances. The net expenses of $24.6 million, $20.4 million, and $23.5 million for fiscal years 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively, represent payments made directly to students after awards have been applied against tuition and fees and auxiliary housing charged to student accounts. Gross scholarship expenses totaled $268.1 million, $245.0 million, and $214.4 million for the years ended September 30, 2017, 2016, and 2015, respectively.


Operating Expenses (by natural classification)

9/30/2017

9/30/2016

9/30/2015

Salaries, wages and benefits
$666,320,083
$612,470,213
$575,450,330
Supplies and services
253,651,612
248,660,589
227,772,694
Depreciation
72,374,750
67,410,991
61,249,168
Scholarships and fellowships
24,573,373
20,371,163
23,505,262
Total operating expenses
$1,016,919,818
$948,912,956
$887,977,454

In addition to natural classifications, operating expenses are reported by functional classifications as defined by the National Association of College and University Business Officers (“NACUBO”). The functional classification of an operating expense (Instruction, Research, etc.) is assigned to a department based on the nature of the activity, which represents the material portion of the activity attributable to the department. This method reflects, by function of the University, amounts expended in areas such as instruction, research, and operations and maintenance and is used most commonly for comparative reporting purposes among colleges and universities.

2017 Operating Expenses (by functional classification)

Salaries, wages and benefits
Supplies and services
Depreciation
Scholarships and fellowships
Total 2017
Instruction
$272,651,446
$45,010,438
$17,328,353
$ -
$334,990,237
Research
32,158,790
22,787,845
4,816,825
-
59,763,460
Public service
35,820,319
12,622,036
1,819,980
-
50,262,335
Academic support
63,353,617
13,862,042
13,272,217
-
90,487,876
Student services
37,558,653
16,656,342
5,221,098
-
59,436,093
Institutional support
75,429,790
23,152,462
6,456,673
-
105,038,925
Operations and maintenance
67,329,833
21,726,593
-
-
89,056,426
Scholarships and fellowships
-
-
-
14,594,420
14,594,420
Auxiliary enterprises
82,017,635
97,833,854
23,459,604
9,978,953
213,290,046
Total operating expenses
$666,320,083
$253,651,612
$72,374,750
$24,573,373
$1,016,919,818
2016 Operating Expenses (by functional classification)
Salaries, wages and benefits
Supplies and services
Depreciation
Scholarships and fellowships
Total 2016
Instruction
$253,292,566
$45,779,734
$15,974,686
$ -
$315,046,986
Research
29,092,346
21,537,358
4,838,154
-
55,467,858
Public service
34,064,403
12,197,975
1,871,552
-
48,133,930
Academic support
58,564,978
14,188,559
12,919,509
-
85,673,046
Student services
34,198,856
15,963,120
4,716,391
-
54,878,367
Institutional support
72,001,227
19,231,793
5,420,555
-
96,653,575
Operations and maintenance
59,510,033
26,382,011
-
-
85,892,044
Scholarships and fellowships
-
-
-
13,853,660
13,853,660
Auxiliary enterprises
71,745,804
93,380,039
21,670,144
6,517,503
193,313,490
Total operating expenses
$612,470,213
$248,660,589
$67,410,991
$20,371,163
$948,912,956

Other Changes in Net Position

Capital gifts and grants experienced a slight increase of $131,000 in fiscal year 2017, following an increase of $15.4 million in fiscal year 2016. The large 2016 increase resulted from grants received for the construction of Peter Bryce Boulevard/North Campus Way and improvements to University Boulevard in that fiscal year.

Additions to permanent endowments grew by $4.8 million in 2017 due to restricted endowment gifts made throughout the year. This follows a slight decrease of $479,000 in fiscal year 2016.

Intragovernmental transfers are typically limited to transactions with the Crimson Tide Foundation, a blended component unit of the University. At September 30, 2017, intragovernmental transfers had increased $6.8 million from the prior year. At September 30, 2016 intragovernmental transfers had decreased $27.1 million from the prior year. The prior year decrease results from the purchase of the Partlow properties from the ADMH in fiscal year 2015. Because this was a purchase between two state agencies for operating purposes, the difference between the transferor’s net book value and the purchase price was considered an intragovernmental transfer, resulting in an increase of $21.8 million in 2015, followed by a decrease in 2016.

 Capital Assets and Debt Administration

At September 30, 2017, the University had $2.8 billion invested in gross capital assets and accumulated depreciation of $786.7 million, a net of $2.0 billion. At September 30, 2016, the University had $2.6 billion invested in gross capital assets and accumulated depreciation of $723.6 million, a net of $1.9 billion. At September 30, 2015, the University had $2.5 billion invested in gross capital assets and accumulated depreciation of $688.4 million, a net of $1.8 billion. Depreciation expense for fiscal years 2017, 2016, and 2015 totaled $72.4 million, $67.4 million, and $61.2 million, respectively. Buildings and fixed equipment are responsible for the largest increase for each year presented. The following schedule summarizes the University’s capital assets, net of accumulated depreciation:


Capital Assets, Net of Accumulated Depreciation

9/30/2017
9/30/2016
9/30/2015
Land
$75,713,043
$75,713,043
$75,579,820
Land improvements
55,161,468
48,901,013
41,932,891
Infrastructure
79,028,793
73,543,953
48,437,454
Buildings and fixed equipment
1,506,097,751
1,517,948,614
1,428,535,904
Construction in progress
105,047,275
34,141,931
71,169,177
Equipment
74,593,221
67,522,512
59,257,633
Library materials and collections
45,388,385
45,721,427
46,068,689
Intangible assets
42,566,781
40,919,690
40,333,702
Total capital assets, net of accumulated depreciation
$1,983,596,717
$1,904,412,183
$1,811,315,270

 

Capital asset expenditures for fiscal year 2017 (in millions):

Student Organizations (refer to note 5)
$22.7

Freshman Residential Housing
 $11.2

Little Hall renovation
 $8.3

Central Campus Thermal Energy Connection
 $7.0

University Boulevard improvements
$6.3

Adapted Athletics Facility
 $6.0

Capital asset expenditures for fiscal year 2016 (in millions):

Student Organizations (refer to note 5)
 $39.5

North Lawn Hall 
$21.7

Peter Bryce Boulevard/North Campus Way
 $16.8

Sewell Thomas Baseball Stadium
 $12.3

Moody Music Building
 $9.7

Printing and Mail Services
 $9.5

Bryant Drive Retail Center
$7.7

The University plans to fund ongoing construction projects with reserves, debt proceeds, private gifts, and various federal and state grants.

At September 30, 2017, the University had $1.1 billion of debt outstanding, of which $32.3 million was classified as current. The University issued the 2017A, 2017B and 2017C bonds during fiscal year 2017, resulting in an increase in outstanding debt from the prior year. At September 30, 2016, the University had $951.0 million of debt outstanding, of which $24.9 million was classified as current. The University had $976.3 million of debt outstanding at September 30, 2015, of which $24.1 million was classified as current. The large majority of debt obligations bears interest at fixed rates ranging from 0.0% to 6.3% and matures at various dates through fiscal year 2047. The University defeased certain indebtedness during the fiscal year 2017 bond issuance to secure more favorable rates. This is discussed further in note 7.

The University’s outstanding debt obligations at September 30, 2017, 2016, and 2015, exclusive of debt discounts and premiums of $43.1 million, $34.7 million, and $36.6 million, respectively, are summarized below. Further information may also be found in note 7.


Schedules of Long Term Debt


9/30/2017


9/30/2016


9/30/2015

Bonds payable
$988,495,000
$867,755,000
$885,650,000
Notes payable
42,066,167
48,597,293
54,088,062
Total long term debt
$1,030,561,167
$916,352,293
$939,738,062

Future Economic Outlook

The University has positioned itself to weather the uncertain times our economy experiences. Prudent management, cost containment, conservative budgeting, and sensible investment strategies help ensure the University can remain dedicated to its mission of teaching, research, and service.

A crucial element to the University’s future will continue to be our relationship with the State of Alabama as we work to maintain competitive tuition while providing an outstanding college education for our students. We continuously strive to attract the best students, while increasing the intrinsic and marketable value of education offered at The University of Alabama.

A direct relationship exists between the growth of state support and the University’s ability to control tuition rates. There can be no assurance of future state appropriations. The University expects to be able to absorb this loss of state funds, without a material reduction of its budget, through a combination of increased tuition, increased enrollment and internal reserves. State appropriations are not, and cannot lawfully be, pledged under debt indentures. Major financial strengths of the University include a diverse source of revenues, including state appropriations, tuition and fees (net of scholarship allowances), auxiliary units’ revenue, private support, and federally sponsored grants and contracts.

The University must have campus facilities that are competitive to meet student enrollment goals. The University continues to execute its long-term plan to modernize and expand its teaching, research, and student facilities with a balance of new construction and technology. The continuous improvement of the University’s aesthetic appeal offers visitors, current and prospective students, employees and the surrounding communities an attractive and appealing atmosphere in which to live and work.

The University’s private support is fundamental in meeting budgetary needs. Gifts received are testaments to the high regard in which alumni, corporations, foundations, and other supporters hold the University. The level of private support underscores the continued confidence among donors in the quality of the University’s programs and the importance of its mission. At the same time, economic pressures and potential tax law changes affecting donors may also affect the future level of support the University receives from corporate and individual giving. Our component units have also continued their level of support in the face of the current economic environment.

Enrollment and Statistics (Unaudited)*

The University of Alabama has ranked among the top 60 public universities in the nation in U.S. News and World Report’s annual college rankings for more than a decade, standing at 51st in the 2018 rankings. More than 40 percent of the Fall 2017 freshman class scored 30 or higher on the ACT, and 34 percent of the entering class had a high school GPA of 4.0 or higher. The University of Alabama is also a leader among public universities nationwide in the enrollment of National Merit Scholars with more than 500 currently enrolled. University students continue to win prestigious national awards. 51 University of Alabama students have been named Goldwater Scholars, including four in 2017. The University of Alabama has produced a total of 15 Rhodes Scholars, 16 Truman Scholars, 32 Hollings Scholars and 11 Boren Scholars.

Enrollment at the University continues to grow, reaching 37,665 in Fall 2016, an increase of 565 over the prior year. Full-time equivalent (“FTE”) enrollment totaled 35,120, an increase of 581. The chart below displays enrollment counts taken for each fall semester; the last of which (2016), demonstrates enrollment figures occurring for the fall semester of the 2017 fiscal year.

Statistical Highlights
Fall Headcount Enrollment
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
Undergraduate
32,564
31,960
30,754
29,443
28,026
26,234
24,884
23,702
22,343
21,082
Graduate
4,629
4,649
4,870
4,851
4,994
4,913
4,726
4,473
3,978
3,851
Professional
472
491
531
558
582
600
622
632
731
647
Total Fall Enrollment
37,665
37,100
36,155
34,852
33,602
31,747
30,232
28,807
27,052
25,580
Fall First-Time Freshman Admissions
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
Applications
38,901
36,203
33,736
30,975
26,409
22,136
20,112
19,518
18,500
14,313
Admits
20,109
19,400
17,221
17,515
14,019
9,636
10,790
11,194
11,172
9,140
Enrolled
7,559
7,211
6,856
6,478
6,397
5,772
5,519
5,116
5,116
4,538
Percent Admitted
51.7%
53.6%
51.0%
56.5%
53.1%
43.5%
53.7%
57.4%
60.4%
63.9%
Percent Enrolled
37.6%
37.2%
39.8%
37.0%
45.6%
59.9%
51.2%
45.7%
45.8%
49.6%
Degrees Conferred Academic Years Ending May
2017
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
Baccalaureate
6,501
6,354
5,662
5,408
5,000
4,482
4,463
4,284
3,713
3,398
Master's
1,578
1,651
1,672
1,645
1,659
1,571
1,513
1,287
1,265
1,237
Juris Doctor
133
144
144
172
168
175
159
171
172
154
Educational Specialist
48
38
48
28
38
53
44
52
51
83
Doctoral
304
305
379
329
325
252
242
209
192
191
Total Degrees Conferred
8,564
8,492
7,905
7,582
7,190
6,533
6,421
6,003
5,393
5,063
Academic Years Ending May
2017
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
Undergraduate and Graduate Tuition

Tuition Per Full-Time In-State Student

$10,470
$10,170
$9,826
$9,450
$9,200
$8,600
$7,900
$7,000
$6,400
$5,700

Percent Increase Over Prior Year

2.9%
3.5%
4.0%
2.7%
7.0%
8.9%
12.9%
9.4%
12.3%
8.0%

Tuition Per Full-Time Out-of-State Student

$26,950
$25,950
$24,950
$23,950
$22,950
$21,900
$20,500
$19,200
$18,000
$16,518

Percent Increase Over Prior Year

3.9%
4.0%
4.2%
4.4%
4.8%
6.8%
6.8%
6.7%
9.0%
8.0%
Law School Tuition

Tuition Per Full-Time In-State Student

$22,760
$22,020
$21,320
$20,770
$19,660
$18,030
$15,760
$14,450
$12,564
$11,190

Percent Increase Over Prior Year

3.4%
3.3%
2.6%
5.6%
9.0%
14.4%
9.1%
15.0%
12.3%
14.9%

Tuition Per Full-Time Out-of-State Student

$38,820
$37,360
$36,000
$34,840
$32,920
$30,950
$28,070
$26,560
$24,158
$22,170

Percent Increase Over Prior Year

3.9%
3.8%
3.3%
5.8%
6.4%
10.3%
5.7%
9.9%
9.0%
11.4%

*Data provided by the Office of Institutional Research and Assessment

Note 4 – Investments

The Board has the responsibility for the establishment of the investment policy and the oversight of the investments for the System and related entities. In order to facilitate System-wide investment objectives and achieve economies of scale, the Board established three distinct investment pools based primarily on the projected investment time-horizons for System funds: the Endowment Fund (“PEF”), the Long Term Reserve Pool Fund (“LTRP”), and the Short Term Liquidity Pool Fund (“STLP”); collectively, the “System Pools”. Pursuant to Board investment policies, each System or related entity may include all or a portion of their investments within the System-sponsored investment pools. These investment funds are considered “internal” investment pools under GASB Statement No. 31, Accounting and Financial Reporting for Certain Investments and for External Investment Pools, with the assets pooled on a market value basis. Separately managed funds that reside with each entity are to be invested consistent with the asset mix of the corresponding System investment pool. The following disclosures relate to both the System Pools, which include the investments of other System entities and other affiliated entities, and the University-specific investment portfolio.

Endowment Fund 

The purpose of the Endowment Fund is to pool endowment and similar funds to support the System campuses, hospital and related entities in carrying out their respective missions over a perpetual time frame. Accordingly, the primary investment objectives of the Endowment Fund are to preserve the purchasing power of the principal and provide a stable source of perpetual financial support to the endowment beneficiaries. To satisfy the long-term rate of return objective, the Endowment Fund relies on a total return strategy in which investment returns are achieved through both capital appreciation and natural income. Asset allocation targets are established to meet the return objectives, while providing adequate diversification in order to minimize investment volatility.

Long Term Reserve Pool Fund 

The Long Term Reserve Pool Fund is a longer-term pool used as an investment vehicle to manage operating reserves with a time horizon of three to seven years. This fund has an investment objective of growth and income and is invested in a diversified asset mix of liquid, semi-liquid, and illiquid securities. This fund can invest no more than 10% in illiquid assets.

Short Term Liquidity Pool Fund 

The Short Term Liquidity Pool Fund serves as an investment vehicle to manage operating reserves with a time horizon of one to three years. This fund is also used to balance the other funds when looking at the System’s entire asset allocation of operating reserves relative to its investment objectives. The STLP has an investment objective of income with preservation of capital and is invested in intermediate-term fixed income securities. The fund holds at least one large mutual fund to provide daily liquidity.

Although the investment philosophy of the Board is to minimize the direct ownership of investment vehicles, with ownership preference in appropriate investment fund groups, certain direct investments are held in the name of the Board. All other investments in the Systems Pools are classified as commingled funds.

Land and Other Real Estate Held as Investments by Endowments 

The University values land and other real estate held as investments by endowments at fair value.

The University holds, as part of its endowment investments, timber land located in fifteen counties in north and central Alabama totaling approximately 29,000 acres. In the University’s opinion, timber production and related commercial recreation is the highest and best use for the land individually and as a whole; the property is located in an area with a favorable climate for growing trees and contains good markets for forest products. Timber production is the predominant land use in the counties that contain the property. The fee simple market value of timber and land of $33.9 million and $30.2 million at September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, was derived through the application of the cost, sales comparison, and income capitalization approaches to value. The value of minerals and mineral exploitation rights contained in fee and mineral rights only and surface mining rights only for approximately 37,000 acres are valued at $35.3 million and $10.1 million as of September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The fair value of these rights was determined using non-quantitative “menus” of incremental value, enhanced values for perceived early exploitation, risk discounted cash flow, and rules-of-thumb developed over time in appraising mineral assets. The number of acres evaluated for mineral values is assessed without regard for the ownership of the surface or land above and differs from the aforementioned timber land acres.

Fair Value Measurements 

GASB 72 sets forth the framework for measuring fair value. That framework provides a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy under GASB 72 are described as follows:

  • Level 1 – Inputs to the valuation methodology are unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the University has the ability to access.
  • Level 2 – Inputs to the valuation methodology include:
    • Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets;
    • Quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets;
    • Inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the assets or liabilities;
    • Inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means.
  • Level 3 – Inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement. Unobservable inputs reflect the University’s own assumptions about the inputs market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability (including assumptions about risk). Unobservable inputs are developed based on the best information available in the circumstances and may include the University’s own data.

GASB 72 allows for the use of net asset value (“NAV”) as a practical expedient for valuation purposes. Investments that use NAV in determining fair value are disclosed separately from the valuation hierarchy as presented herein.

The level within the hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Valuation techniques used need to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs.

The determination of what constitutes observable requires judgment by the University’s management. University management considers observable data to be that market data which is readily available, regularly distributed or updated, reliable, and verifiable, not proprietary, and provided by multiple independent sources that are actively involved in the relevant market.

The categorization of an investment within the hierarchy is based upon the relative observability of the inputs to its fair value measurement and does not necessarily correspond to University management’s perceived risk of that investment.

The following is a description of the valuation methods and assumptions used by the University to estimate the fair value of its investments. There have been no changes in the methods and assumptions used at September 30, 2017. The methods described may produce a fair value calculation that may not be indicative of net realizable value or reflective of future fair values. University management believes its valuation methods are appropriate and consistent with other market participants. The use of different methodologies or assumptions to determine the fair value of certain financial instruments could result in a different fair value measurement at the reporting date.

When available, quoted prices are used to determine fair value. When quoted prices in active markets are available, investments are classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. The University’s Level 1 investments primarily consist of investments in mutual funds, exchange traded funds, and both domestic and foreign equity funds. When quoted prices in active markets are not available, fair values are based on evaluated prices received from the University’s custodian of investments.

The University’s Level 2 investments consist of mutual funds that are priced or traded at the end of the day.

The University’s Level 3 investments primarily consist of two very illiquid securities. Changes in valuation techniques may result in transfers into or out of an assigned level within the disclosure hierarchy. Valuation techniques utilized by the University are appraisals, entry price at the date of donation, and other valuations typically based on management assumptions or expectations.

At September 30, 2017 and 2016, the fair value of the University’s investments based on the inputs used to value them is summarized as follows:

2017

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

Total

Cash & Receivables:

Regions Cash Trust

$157,021,019
$ -
$ -
$157,021,019

South African Gold Coins

39,810
-
-
39,810

Equities:

Common Stock

5,567,358
-
-
5,567,358

Fixed Income Securities:

U.S. Government Obligations

177,508
-
-
177,508

Commingled Funds:

U.S. Equity Funds

3,226,126
66,082
-
3,292,208

Non-U.S. Equity Funds

666,981
-
-
666,981

U.S. Bond Funds

2,327,309
122,210
-
2,449,519

Private Equity Funds

-
-
2,442,387
2,442,387

Real Estate

-
-
86,726,445
86,726,445
$169,026,111
$188,292
$89,168,832
$258,383,235

UA Portion of System Pool Investments:

Endowment Fund

708,505,976

Long Term Reserve Pool Fund

542,739,479

Short Term Liquidity Pool Fund

306,933,431
Total Reported Value with System Pooled Investments
$1,816,562,121

2016

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

Total

Cash & Receivables:

Regions Cash Trust

$37,786,080
$ -
$ -
$37,786,080

South African Gold Coins

40,710
-
-
40,710

Equities:

Common Stock

4,537,286
-
-
4,537,286

Fixed Income Securities:

U.S. Government Obligations

194,213
-
-
194,213

Commingled Funds:

U.S. Equity Funds

3,409,896
57,057
-
3,466,953

Non-U.S. Equity Funds

607,922
-
-
607,922

U.S. Bond Funds

2,526,026
119,762
-
2,645,788

Private Equity Funds

-
-
2,440,046
2,440,046

Real Estate

-
-
40,909,636
40,909,636
$49,102,133
$176,819
$43,349,682
$92,628,634

UA Portion of System Pool Investments:

Endowment Fund

637,645,668

Long Term Reserve Pool Fund

519,181,036

Short Term Liquidity Pool Fund

294,516,869
Total Reported Value with System Pooled Investments
$1,543,972,207

At September 30, 2017 and 2016, the fair value of the investments for the System Pools based on the inputs used to value them is summarized as follows:

2017 Endowment Fund

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

NAV

Total Fair Value

Receivables:

Accrued Income Receivables

$ -
$ -
$ -
$ -
$737,344

Total Receivables

-
-
-
-
737,344

Cash Equivalents:

Money Market Funds

79,594,084
-
-
-
79,594,084

Total Cash Equivalents

79,594,084
-
-
-
79,594,084

Equities:

U.S. Common Stock

94,939,223
-
-
-
94,939,223

Foreign Stock

34,902,583
-
-
-
34,902,583

Total Equities

129,841,806
-
-
-
129,841,806

Fixed Income Securities:

U.S. Government Obligations

-
8,498,567
-
-
8,498,567

Mortgage Backed Securities

-
6,136,259
-
-
6,136,259

Corporate Bonds

-
21,041,058
-
-
21,041,058

Non-U.S. Bonds

-
3,038,650
-
-
3,038,650

Total Fixed Income Securities

-
38,714,534
-
-
38,714,534

Commingled Funds:

Non-U.S. Equity Funds

-
224,559,339
-
-
224,559,339

U.S. Bond Funds

-
58,363,636
-
-
58,363,636

Non-U.S. Bond Funds

-
29,063,500
-
-
29,063,500

Hedge Funds

-
-
-
506,943,088
506,943,088

Private Equity Funds

-
-
-
123,786,463
123,786,463

Real Estate Funds

-
-
-
203,564,413
203,564,413

Total Commingled Funds

-
311,986,475
-
834,293,964
1,146,280,439
Total Fund Investments

209,435,890
350,701,009
-
834,293,964
1,394,430,863
Total Fund Assets

209,435,890
350,701,009
-
834,293,964
1,395,168,207
Total Fund Liabilities

-
-
-
-
(223,940)
Affiliated Entity Investments in Funds
-
-
-
-
(222,871,294)
Total Net Asset Value

$209,435,890
$350,701,009
$ -
$834,293,964
$1,172,072,973

2016 Endowment Fund

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

NAV

Total Fair Value

Receivables:

Accrued Income Receivables

$ -
$ -
$ -
$ -
$754,939

Total Receivables

-
-
-
-
754,939

Cash Equivalents:

Money Market Funds

37,501,965
-
-
-
37,501,965

Total Cash Equivalents

37,501,965
-
-
-
37,501,965

Equities:

U.S. Common Stock

86,163,991
-
-
-
86,163,991

Foreign Stock

22,222,905
-
-
-
22,222,905

Total Equities

108,386,896
-
-
-
108,386,896

Fixed Income Securities:

U.S. Government Obligations

-
11,635,633
-
-
11,635,633

Corporate Bonds

-
22,046,299
-
-
22,046,299

Non-U.S. Bonds

-
4,897,595
-
-
4,897,595

Total Fixed Income Securities

-
38,579,527
-
-
38,579,527

Commingled Funds:

Non-U.S. Equity Funds

-
248,254,069
-
-
248,254,069

U.S. Bond Funds

-
59,563,636
-
-
59,563,636

Non-U.S. Bond Funds

-
26,423,526
-
-
26,423,526

Hedge Funds

-
-
-
466,576,876
466,576,876

Private Equity Funds

-
-
-
103,746,336
103,746,336

Real Estate Funds

-
-
-
178,180,675
178,180,675

Total Commingled Funds

-
334,241,231
-
748,503,887
1,082,745,118
Total Fund Investments

145,888,861
372,820,758
-
748,503,887
1,267,213,506
Total Fund Assets

145,888,861
372,820,758
-
748,503,887
1,267,968,445
Total Fund Liabilities

-
-
-
-
(164,929)
Affiliated Entity Investments in Funds
-
-
-
-
(200,896,480)
Total Net Asset Value

$145,888,861
$372,820,758
$ -
$748,503,887
$1,066,907,036

2017 Long Term Reserve Pool Fund

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

NAV

Total Fair Value

Receivables

Accrued Income Receivables

-
-
-
-
$2,371,886

Total Receivables

-
-
-
-
2,371,886
1

Cash Equivalents:

Money Market Funds

58,259,515
-
-
-
58,259,515

Total Cash Equivalents

58,259,515
-
-
-
58,259,515
1

Equities

U.S. Common Stock

176,807,415
-
-
-
176,807,415

Foreign Stock

50,575,577
-
-
-
50,575,577

Total Equities

227,382,992
-
-
-
227,382,992
1

Fixed Income Securities:

U.S. Government Obligations

-
14,142,677
-
-
14,142,677

Mortgage Backed Securities

-
11,840,312
-
-
11,840,312

Corporate Bonds

-
35,515,741
-
-
35,515,741

Non-U.S. Bonds

-
5,479,805
-
-
5,479,805

Total Fixed Income Securities

-
66,978,535
-
-
66,978,535
1
1

Commingled Funds:

Non-U.S. Equity Funds

-
425,447,446
-
-
425,447,446

U.S. Bond Funds

-
67,342,316
-
-
67,342,316

Non-U.S. Bond Funds

-
47,096,969
-
-
47,096,969

Hedge Funds

-
-
-
754,979,975
754,979,975

Real Estate Funds

-
-
-
112,894,275
112,894,275

Total Commingled Funds

-
539,886,731
-
867,874,250
1,407,760,981
1
Total Fund Investments
285,642,507
606,865,266
-
867,874,250
1,760,382,023
Total Fund Assets
285,642,507
606,865,266
-
867,874,250
1,762,753,909
Total Fund Liabilities
-
-
-
-
(378,908)
1
Affiliated Entity Investments in Funds
-
-
-
-
(119,531,938)
1
Total Net Asset Value
$285,642,507
$606,865,266
$ -
$867,874,250
$1,642,843,063
1

2016 Long Term Reserve Pool Fund

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

NAV

Total Fair Value

Receivables

Accrued Income Receivables

$ -
$ -
$ -
$ -
$ 1,005,513

Total Receivables

-
-
-
-
1,005,513

Cash Equivalents

Money Market Funds

47,260,189
-
-
-
47,260,189

Total Cash Equivalents

47,260,189
-
-
-
47,260,189
1

Equities

U.S. Common Stock

153,820,643
-
-
-
153,820,643

Foreign Stock

34,992,179
-
-
-
34,992,179

Total Equities

188,812,822
-
-
-
188,812,822
1

Fixed Income Securities

U.S. Government Obligations

-
13,315,542
-
-
13,315,542

Corporate Bonds

-
26,606,940
-
-
26,606,940
1

Non-U.S. Bonds

-
5,796,426
-
-
5,796,426

Total Fixed Income Securities

-
45,718,908
-
-
45,718,908

Commingled Funds

Non-U.S. Equity Funds

-
365,311,576
-
-
365,311,576

U.S. Bond Funds

-
65,616,121
-
-
65,616,121

Non-U.S. Bond Funds

-
42,818,930
-
-
42,818,930

Hedge Funds

-
-
-
630,395,465
630,395,465

Real Estate Funds

-
-
-
100,534,353
100,534,353

Total Commingled Funds

-
473,746,627
-
730,929,818
1,204,676,445
1
Total Fund Investments
236,073,011
519,465,535
-
730,929,818
1,486,468,364
Total Fund Assets
236,073,011
519,465,535
-
730,929,818
1,487,473,877
Total Fund Liabilities
-
-
-
-
(272,799)
1
Affiliated Entity Investments in Funds
-
-
-
-
(86,586,181)
1
Total Net Asset Value
$236,073,011
$519,465,535
$ -
$730,929,818
$1,400,614,897

2017 Short Term Liquidity Pool Fund

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

NAV

Total Fair Value

Receivables:

Accrued Income Receivables

$ -
$ -
$ -
$ -
$3,222,354

Total Receivables

-
-
-
-
3,222,354

Cash Equivalents:

Money Market Funds

100,227,735
-
-
-
100,227,735

Total Cash Equivalents

100,227,735
-
-
-
100,227,735

Fixed Income Securities:

U.S. Government Obligations

-
244,194,221
-
-
244,194,221

Mortgage Backed Securities

-
149,207,687
-
-
149,207,687

Collateralized Mortgage Obligations

-
11,990,320
-
-
11,990,320

Corporate Bonds

-
165,646,257
-
-
165,646,257

Non-U.S. Bonds

-
61,129,470
-
-
61,129,470

Total Fixed Income Securities

-
632,167,955
-
-
632,167,955

Commingled Funds:

U.S. Bond Funds

-
205,630,016
-
-
205,630,016

Total Commingled Funds

-
205,630,016
-
-
205,630,016
Total Fund Investments
100,227,735
837,797,971
-
-
938,025,706
Total Fund Assets
100,227,735
837,797,971
-
-
941,248,060
Total Fund Liabilities
-
-
-
-
(243,098)
Affiliated Entity Investments in Funds

-
-
-
-
(62,963,316)
Total Net Asset Value
$100,227,735
$837,797,971
$ -
$ -
$878,041,646

2016 Short Term Liquidity Pool Fund

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

NAV

Total Fair Value

Receivables:

Accrued Income Receivables

$ -
$ -
$ -
$ -
$2,902,429

Total Receivables

-
-
-
-
2,902,429

Cash Equivalents:

Money Market Funds

111,156,636
-
-
-
111,156,636

Total Cash Equivalents

111,156,636
-
-
-
111,156,636

Fixed Income Securities:

U.S. Government Obligations

-
206,021,290
-
-
206,021,290

Mortgage Backed Securities

-
166,643,153
-
-
166,643,153

Collateralized Mortgage Obligations

-
12,035,018
-
-
12,035,018

Corporate Bonds

-
176,571,588
-
-
176,571,588

Non-U.S. Bonds

-
64,904,675
-
-
64,904,675

Total Fixed Income Securities

-
626,175,724
-
-
626,175,724

Commingled Funds:

U.S. Bond Funds

-
199,067,054
-
-
199,067,054

Total Commingled Funds

-
199,067,054
-
-
199,067,054
Total Fund Investments
111,156,636
825,242,778
-
-
936,399,414
Total Fund Assets
111,156,636
825,242,778
-
-
939,301,843
Total Fund Liabilities
-
-
-
-
(309,260)
Affiliated Entity Investments in Funds

-
-
-
-
(75,561,002)
Total Net Asset Value
$111,156,636
$825,242,778
$ -
$ -
$863,431,581

Investment Risk Factors 

Many factors can affect the value of investments. Some, such as custodial credit risk, concentration of credit risk and foreign currency risk, may affect both equity and fixed income securities. Equity securities respond to such factors as economic conditions, individual company earnings performance, and market liquidity, while fixed income securities are particularly sensitive to credit risks and changes in interest rates.

Credit Risk 

Fixed income securities are subject to credit risk, which is the chance that a bond issuer will fail to pay interest or principal in a timely manner, or that negative perceptions of the issuer’s ability to make these payments will cause security prices to decline. These circumstances may arise due to a variety of factors such as financial weakness, bankruptcy, litigation, and/or adverse political developments. Certain fixed income securities, primarily obligations of the U.S. government or those explicitly guaranteed by the U.S. government, are not considered to have significant credit risk.

A bond’s credit quality is an assessment of the issuer’s ability to pay interest on the bond, and ultimately, to pay the principal. Credit quality is evaluated by one of the independent bond-rating agencies, for example Moody’s Investors Service (“Moody’s”) or Standard and Poor’s (“S&P”). The lower the rating, the greater the chance— in the rating agency’s opinion—that the bond issuer will default, or fail to meet its payment obligations. Generally, the lower a bond’s credit rating, the higher its yield should be to compensate for the additional risk.

Board policy recognizes that a limited amount of credit risk, properly managed and monitored, is prudent and provides incremental risk adjusted return over its benchmark. Credit risk in each investment pool is managed primarily by diversifying across issuers and limiting the amount of portfolio assets that can be invested in non-investment grade securities. Fixed income holdings in a single entity (excluding obligations of the U.S. government and its agencies) may not exceed 5% of a manager’s portfolio measured at market value.

The investment policy recognizes that credit risk is appropriate in balanced investment pools such as the Endowment and Long Term Reserve Pool Funds, which are tracked against the Barclays U.S. High Yield Index for U.S. investments and the J.P. Morgan Non-U.S. GBI Index for international investments benchmarks for the fixed income portion of these pools. Fixed income investments within the Endowment and Long Term Reserve Pool Funds include corporate and U.S. treasury and/or agency bonds. In addition, approximately $18.0 million and $1.2 million in the Endowment and Long Term Reserve Pool Funds (collectively), at September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, is invested in unrated fixed income securities, excluding fixed income commingled funds. Fixed income commingled funds were approximately $339.7 million and $279.2 million in the Endowment and Long Term Reserve Pool Funds (collectively), at September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

The Short Term Liquidity Pool Fund is benchmarked against the 1-3 Year Barclays Government Credit Index with funds invested with four separate fund managers. Fixed income investments include corporate, mortgage backed, asset backed, collateralized mortgage and U.S. treasury and/or agency bonds. As of September 30, 2017 and 2016, approximately $79.4 million and $78.1 million, respectively, was invested by the Short Term Liquidity Pool Fund in unrated fixed income securities; excluding commingled bond funds and money market funds. Fixed income commingled funds and money market funds totaled approximately $305.9 million and $310.2 million at September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

The credit risk for fixed and variable income securities, for the System Pools, at September 30, 2017 and 2016 is as follows:

2017

Endowment Fund

Long Term Reserve Pool Fund

Short Term Liquidity Pool Fund

Fixed or Variable Income Securities

U.S. Government Obligations

$8,498,567
$14,142,677
$244,194,221

Other U.S. Denominated:

AAA

-
-
57,770,342

AA

2,827,897
4,895,316
45,669,400

A

8,297,086
14,267,929
98,995,277

BBB

9,469,093
15,722,458
94,842,218

BB

2,472,128
4,358,741
3,200,172

B

1,013,505
1,751,103
5,216,578

C and < C

-
-
2,868,608

Unrated

6,136,259
11,840,312
79,411,138

Commingled Funds:

U.S. Bond Funds: Unrated

58,363,636
67,342,316
205,630,016

Non-U.S. Bond Funds: Unrated

29,063,500
47,096,969
-

Money Market Funds: Unrated

79,594,084
58,259,515
100,227,735
Total
$205,735,755
$239,677,336
$938,025,705

2016

Endowment Fund

Long Term Reserve Pool Fund

Short Term Liquidity Pool Fund

Fixed or Variable Income Securities

U.S. Government Obligations

$11,635,633
$13,315,542
$206,021,290

Other U.S. Denominated:

AAA

-
-
66,722,557

AA

4,935,622
5,902,771
62,277,161

A

11,351,391
13,602,107
94,456,013

BBB

9,710,555
11,642,153
96,922,375

BB

396,562
581,625
12,178,203

B

-
-
6,109,639

C and < C

-
-
3,388,143

Unrated

549,764
674,710
78,100,343
v

Commingled Funds:

U.S. Bond Funds: Unrated

59,563,636
65,616,121
199,067,054

Non-U.S. Bond Funds: Unrated

26,423,526
42,818,930
-

Money Market Funds: Unrated

37,501,965
47,260,189
111,156,636
Total
$162,068,654
$201,414,148
$936,399,414

In accordance with the Board policy disclosed previously, credit risk for the University’s fixed and variable income securities held outside of the System Pools is managed by diversifying across issuers and limiting the amount of portfolio assets that are invested in non-investment grade securities.

The credit risk for fixed and variable income securities, for the University’s investments, at September 30, 2017 and 2016 is as follows:



2017

2016

Fixed or Variable Income Securities

U.S. Government Guaranteed

$177,508
$194,213

Other U.S. Dollar, Money Market Funds, and Commingled Bonds

AAA

839,423
950,773

AA

-
261,837

A

743,016
396,092

BBB

582,413
651,464

BB

228,329
331,969

B

46,073
44,312

Below B

10,021
8,862

Unrated

244
479
Total
$2,627,027
$2,840,001

Custodial Credit Risk 

Custodial credit risk is the risk that in the event of a corporate failure of a custodian, the investment securities may not be returned.

Investment securities in the System Pools and the University’s separately held portfolio are registered in the Board’s name by the custodial bank as an agent for the System. Other types of investments (e.g. open-ended mutual funds, money market funds) represent ownership interests that do not exist in physical or book-entry form. As a result, custodial credit risk is remote.

Concentration of Credit Risk 

Concentration of credit risk is the risk associated with a lack of diversification, such as having substantial investments in a few individual issuers, thereby exposing the organization to greater risks resulting from adverse economic, political, regulatory, geographic, or credit developments.

As previously mentioned, credit risk in each investment pool and the University’s separately held investment portfolio is managed primarily by diversifying across issuers and limiting the amount of portfolio assets that can be invested in non-investment grade securities. As of September 30, 2017 and 2016, no investment in a single issuer represents 5% or more of total investments held by any single investment manager of the System Pools or the University’s separately held investment portfolio, except for investments issued by the U.S. government and money market fund investments.

Interest Rate Risk 

Interest rate risk is the risk that the value of fixed income securities will decline because of changing interest rates. The prices of fixed income securities with a longer time to maturity, measured by effective duration, tend to be more sensitive to changes in interest rates and, therefore, more volatile than those with shorter durations. Effective duration is the approximate change in price of a security resulting from a 100 basis points (1 percentage point) change in the level of interest rates. It is not a measure of time. The Board does not have a specific policy relative to interest rate risk. As such, there are no restrictions on weighted average maturity for each investment pool as they are managed relative to the investment objectives and liquidity demands of the investors.

Although the Board does not have a specific policy relative to interest rate risk, the University has historically invested funds outside of the investment pools in fixed income and variable income securities with short maturity terms.

The effective durations presented in years for fixed or variable income securities, for the System Pools, at September 30, 2017 and 2016 are as follows:

(The information presented below does not take into account the relative weighting of the portfolio components to the total portfolio.)



Endowment Fund

Long Term Reserve Pool Fund

Short Term Liquidity Pool Fund

2017

2016

2017

2016

2017

2016

U.S. Government Obligations
8.7
8.1
8.4
8.4
1.9
1.9
Corporate Bonds
4.8
4.7
5.0
4.6
1.9
2.1
Non-U.S. Bonds
4.8
4.7
5.0
4.6
1.9
2.1
Commingled Bond Funds
2.4
1.8
2.1
1.5
2.8
2.8

The effective durations for fixed or variable income securities, for the University’s separately held investments, at September 30, 2017 and 2016 are as follows:

Investments may also include mortgage pass through securities and collateralized mortgage obligations that may be considered to be highly sensitive to changes in interest rates due to the existence of prepayment or conversion features. At September 30, 2017 and 2016 the fair market value of these investments, for the System Pools, are as follows:

2017

Endowment Fund

Long Term Reserve Pool Fund

Short Term Liquidity Pool Fund

Mortgage Backed Securities
$6,136,259
$11,840,312
$149,207,687
Collateralized Mortgage Obligations
-
-
11,990,320

Total Fixed

$6,136,259
$11,840,312
$161,198,007

2016

Endowment Fund

Long Term Reserve Pool Fund

Short Term Liquidity Pool Fund

Mortgage Backed Securities
$ -
$ -
$166,643,153
Collateralized Mortgage Obligations
-
-
12,035,018

Total Fixed

$ -
$ -
$178,678,171

Mortgage Backed Securities. These securities are issued by the Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”), Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”) and Federal Home Loan Mortgage Association (“Freddie Mac”) and include short embedded prepayment options. Unanticipated prepayments by the obligees of the underlying asset reduce the total expected rate of return.

Collateralized Mortgage Obligations. Collateralized mortgage obligations (“CMOs”) generate a return based upon either the payment of interest or principal on mortgages in an underlying pool. The relationship between interest rates and prepayments makes the fair value highly sensitive to changes in interest rates. In falling interest rate environments, the underlying mortgages are subject to a higher propensity of prepayments. In a rising interest rate environment, the opposite is true.

At September 30, 2017 and 2016, the effective durations for these securities held in the System Pools are listed below. At September 30, 2017 and 2016, the University did not hold any investments in these security types outside of the System Pools.

2017

Endowment Fund

Long Term Reserve Pool Fund

Short Term Liquidity Pool Fund

Mortgage Backed Securities

3.5
3.3
1.0

Collateralized Mortgage Obligations

-
-
2.2

2016

Endowment Fund

Long Term Reserve Pool Fund

Short Term Liquidity Pool Fund

Mortgage Backed Securities

-
-
0.9

Collateralized Mortgage Obligations

-
-
1.7

Foreign Currency Risk 

The strategic asset allocation policy for the Endowment Fund and the Long Term Reserve Pool Fund includes an allocation to non- United States equity and fixed income securities. Currency hedging of foreign bonds and stocks is allowed under System policy. As of September 30, 2017 and 2016, all foreign investments in the System Pools are denominated in U.S. dollars and are in international commingled funds, which in turn invest in equity securities and bonds of foreign issuers except for approximately $61.1 million and $64.9 million of foreign bonds denominated in U.S. dollars and held by the Short Term Liquidity Pool Fund at September 30, 2017 and 2016 respectively. At September 30, 2017 and 2016, the University did not hold any foreign securities in its separately held investment portfolio.

Securities Lending 

The System permits security lending as a mechanism to augment income. Loans of the securities are required to be collateralized by cash, letters of credit or securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government or its agencies. The collateral must equal at least 102% of the current market value of the loaned securities. Securities lending contracts must state acceptable collateral for securities loaned, duties of the borrower, delivery of loaned securities and acceptable investment of the collateral.

At September 30, 2017 and 2016, no securities were on loan from the investment pools.